山西省畜牧业立体污染现状及防治对策

随着山西省农业产业化、集约化的快速发展,加上工业生产及城乡生活废弃物对农业环境的直接和间接影响,农业环境问题越来越突出,尤其畜牧业对环境的立体化污染,已成为亟待解决的问题。在广泛收集资料、实地调查、咨询专家的基础上,结合山西实际,提出了适合山西省畜禽养殖污染防治的总体思路、技术路线。通过采用合理的养殖模式、畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用等必要的对策,使山西省畜禽养殖能够实现稳定可持续发展。     

含临界耦合非线性项的奇异椭圆方程组的非平凡解

研究了有界区域上一类含Sobolev临界指数与奇异位势的带权椭圆方程组,通过Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg不等式与精确的能量估计,并运用山路引理得到了这类方程组非平凡解的存在性.     

模糊多维综合评判在两系杂交粳稻新品种选育中的应用

应用模糊多维综合评判方法,对2010年自育两系杂交粳稻新组合进行多因素综合评价分析,结果表明,9优418(D11)评价指标是0.7329,综合表现最优,其次是1586S/爪哇稻(D14),其评价指标为0.7166,1592S/新选1号(D15)评价指标是0.2152,综合表现最差,此结果与试验地实际表现吻合。     

Genetic analyses of resistance of the wheat differential cultivars Carstens V and Spaldings Prolific to two races of Puccinia striiformis

Genetic analysis of resistance of wheat seedlings to two races of Puccinia striiformis was conducted on F₁, F₂ and F₃ generations from crosses Carstens V (CV) × Lee, Spaldings Prolific (SPA) × Lee and CV × SPA. F₂ generations from crosses of CV and SPA with Strubes Dickkopf (SD) were also studied. The plants were classified into six resistance classes and analysed by factorial correspondence analysis and nonhierarchical classification. The two P. striiformis isolates tested were a French isolate of race 43E138 and a Lebanese isolate of race 2E16, selected for the differences in their virulence spectra for the common differential cultivars Strubes Dickkopf and Nord Desprez. Resistance of CV and SPA was recessive and dominant to races 43E138 and 2E16, respectively. CV possessed three or four resistance genes, one of them being expressed with both races. Two genes of CV had a cumulative effect for resistance to 43E138 and two or three gave dominant resistance to 2E16. SPA had three resistance genes, all of which gave resistance to 2E16 and two of which also gave resistance to 43E138. SPA had one gene in common with CV for resistance to both races. Furthermore, the gene for resistance to race 2E16 in CV and SPA was allelic with a gene in SD, and was probably Yr25 .     

河南农户家庭收入水平差异分析

采用相对收入和绝对收入分析法对河南农户家庭收入差异进行了分析．结果表明,按“五分法”计算,家庭总体纯收入水平的不良指数为9,17;劳均纯收入的不良指数为6．83;人均纯收入的不良指数为6．35;按“十分法”计算,家庭总体纯收入水平的收入不良指数为19．9;劳均纯收入的收入不良指数为12．5;人均纯收入的不良指数为10.49,不同人力资本特征农户家庭收入水平差异明显,人力资本存量高的农户,家庭收入水平也高。     

重庆市县域交通可达性与多维贫困耦合关系研究

研究交通基础设施与区域贫困之间的关系是实施乡村振兴战略的基础.以重庆市37个区县为例,采用地理信息技术对研究区的交通可达性进行定量评价,并构建以区县为单元的多维贫困评价指标体系,以此分析研究区交通可达性与多维贫困耦合度的空间分布特征.研究结果表明:①重庆市县域交通可达性相对较高,区县之间差距较大,空间分布存在明显的梯度变化特征,可达性值由东向西逐渐降低;②重庆市县域多维贫困程度相对较高,空间集聚效益较强,高多维贫困度和较高多维贫困度的区县主要分布在渝东北三峡库区城镇群和渝东南武陵山区城镇群,低多维贫困度和较低多维贫困度的区县主要分布在都市圈和主城区;③将交通可达性与多维贫困的耦合水平分为低度耦合、中度耦合、高度耦合、极度耦合4种等级,重庆市县域耦合度整体较高,片区之间耦合水平具有差异,主城区和都市圈耦合水平相对较高,属于低贫困程度的高耦合水平,渝东北三峡库区城镇群和渝东南武陵山区城镇群耦合水平相对较低,属于贫困程度相对较高的低耦合水平;④将交通可达性与多维贫困的耦合类型分为交通可达性滞后型、多维贫困滞后型、双贫困同步协调发展型三大型,其空间分布具有一定规律,交通可达性滞后型区县较分散,多维贫困滞后型区县集中在重庆市西部地区,双贫困同步协调发展型区县则分布在市域西南和东北两端.     

省际间农民收入分配不均等及影响因素的S-Gini分析

采用收入分配不均等的S－Gini衡量方法和不均等来源的S-Gini分解方法进行分析。结果表明：标准吉尼系数1980年为0.137，1985年为0.15，1990年为0.234,2000年为0.224；工资性收入分配不均等对农民收入分配不均等的影响程度为：1980年为56.72％，1985年为62.67％，1990年为57.66％，1995年为57.97％，2000年为58.66％。说明我国区域间农民人均纯收入分配不均等的趋势在增大，但收入分配仍相对平均，收入分配不均等的主要影响因素是工资性收入。     

数字普惠金融对农村家庭相对贫困影响效应——基于宁夏的农户调研数据

随着绝对贫困的全面消除,我国将进入以相对贫困治理为核心的扶贫工作新阶段,发挥数字普惠金融减缓相对贫困的效应至关重要。本文利用宁夏3县区9村426户田野调查数据,运用熵值法、A-F法、Logit模型和中介效应模型,在测算数字普惠金融指数和识别多维相对贫困家庭的基础上,分析数字普惠金融对农村家庭多维相对贫困的影响效应,探讨其影响机制。结果表明,宁夏农村地区经济维度的“贫”已基本得到消除,但健康、教育、安全饮水和卫生厕所等因素导致的相对之“困”依然严峻。农户在数字普惠金融的结算、储蓄和信贷服务已有部分涉及,但对互联网投资、互联网保险等深层次金融业务的参与尚且较低。数字普惠金融对不同权重下的相对贫困均有显著的减缓作用,并且随着剥夺维度提升其减贫作用呈增长态势。数字普惠金融可以通过提高农户电商意愿及行为、增强健康意识、促进消费进而达到缓解相对贫困之目的。因此,为减缓宁夏农村家庭相对贫困状况,需注重农户自我发展能力提升与农村生活标准改善,深化农户数字普惠金融使用深度,充分发挥数字普惠金融的减贫助农作用等。     

Testing Taylor's Power Law association of maize interplant variation with mean grain yield

Plant-to-plant variability is a crop stability component. The objective of this study in maize (Zea mays L.) was to test the validity of the theoretical background of the hypothesis that the coefficient of variation (CV) for grain yield per plant and mean yield are connected exponentially, following the Taylor's Power Law (TPL) Model. Field experimentation was conducted across two sites, two seasons, and two planting densities. Densities were the main plots, corresponding to the typical practice of 8.89 plants m^–2 (TCD) and the low-input optimal of 5.33 plants m^–2 (LCD), while hybrids were the subplots. Data from 26 subplots in the first site averaged CV values of 22.6% at the TCD and 21.9% at the LCD, and mean yields of 19.1 and 13.9 t ha^–1, respectively, following the TPL Model. The same was true for the second site, with average CVs and means of 41.5% and 14.3 t ha^–1 at the TCD and 36.8% and 11.5 t ha^–1 at the LCD. A test was performed on the simple correlation between the logarithms of variances and their respective means to investigate whether there is a systematic variance dependence on mean, thus questioning the reliability of TPL. The validity of TPL was verified in the first site. Nevertheless, there was a systematic dependence of yield variance on mean yield in the second site, implying that the CV-yield correlation might be not biologically meaningful. Conversion of the variance to remove its dependence on the mean did not validate the CV-yield negative relationship, meaning that caution is needed when interpreting the CV as a stability index for intra-crop variation. Whether the determinant factor of invalidity of TPL was the extensive intra-crop variation in the lower yielding second site can be assessed in future research.     

Impact of climate-smart agricultural technology on multidimensional poverty in rural Ethiopia

A large body of empirical literature showed that the adoption of agricultural technologies reduces poverty. However, dominants of those studies so far used one-dimensional income or expenditure-based measures of poverty which may not reflect other types of deprivations. Therefore, the major objective of this study is to examine the impact of adopting climate-smart agricultural technology, which refers to a joint application of row planting methods and the use of chemical fertilizers, on the multidimensional poverty status of rural households in Ethiopia. To estimate the impact of the stated technologies, this study employs propensity score matching and endogenous switching regression methods. To measure the multidimensional poverty index, the study also uses the Alkire and Foster counting approach. Using the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey(ESS), collected in 2015-Wave 3, the results of the study show that the adoption of these technologies reduces deprivation score and one of its component, the standard of living part. Regionally, a high reduction in deprivation is observed in Amhara and Oromiya regions. The results also show that the impact is significantly higher in severely deprived households. It is also observed that the reduction in multidimensional poverty due to the technology is through an increase in income/consumption via improvement in production gain. The impact channels more through the non-food expenditure pathway. Finally, this study also sheds light on the effects that technology adoption has on multidimensional poverty reduction.